DAWN TO DUSK NEWS: internet

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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">From the outside, room 3420 at UCLA's 
Boelter Hall campus looks rather nondescript - housing what looks like a
 large typrwriter and a cupboard stuffed with old electronics.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">However, this is in fact the birthplace of the internet - and where the first message was sent from.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">On
 October 29, 1969 at 10:30pm,  Leonard Kleinrock and his team sent a 
message to Stanford University using what we know know as the internet -
 only to find in crash after two letters.</span><br />
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<b>THE BIRTH OF THE INTERNET</b></h3>
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<span id="ext-gen92" style="font-size: 1.2em;">While
 a grad student at MIT, Kleinrock developed a mathematical theory of 
packet switching, where data is broken up into 'packets' that can be 
exchanged over a network to allow users in multiple locations to access 
them.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The research was 
spotted by the Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency 
(ARPA—later named DARPA), which wanted to use it to distribute academic 
papers.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">It wanted to test a 
network, and a contract was awarded to a team of computer engineers at 
Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN), who built the Interface Message 
Processor, which was similar to the routers still used today.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The first node was placed at UCLA. the second at Stanford.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">the first message was supposed to be 
'log in', but their first success also spelled their first failure – the
 system crashed after the 'L' and 'O' were transmitted.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">About an hour later, having recovered from the crash, the SDS Sigma 7 computer sent a full 'login'.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 first permanent ARPANET link was then established on November 21, 1969,
 between the IMP (interface message processor) at UCLA and the IMP at 
the Stanford Research Institute.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">By
 December of 1969, four nodes were permanently installed at UCLA, 
Stanford Research Institute, University of Utah, and University of 
California at Santa Barbara. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">By 1975 there were 57 IMPs. By 1981 there were 213, and it has continued to explode inpopularity ever since.</span><br />
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<img alt="A detailed view of UCLA's Interface Message Processor (IMP) is pictured in a storage closet, where it had been stored for over 20 years, at 3420 Boelter Hall in UCLA" class="blkBorder img-share" height="372" id="i-5d2d0d38" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/03/06/article-0-1C16DE7600000578-182_634x372.jpg" width="634" /><div class="overlay-icon mobile-gallery">
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A detailed view of UCLA's Interface Message 
Processor (IMP) is pictured in a storage closet, where it had been 
stored for over 20 years, at 3420 Boelter Hall in UCLA</div>
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<img alt="A detailed view of UCLA's Interface Message Processor (IMP) is seen in a storage closet, where it had been stored for over 20 years, at 3420 Boelter Hall in UCLA" class="blkBorder img-share" height="361" id="i-5c230d2b" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/03/06/article-0-1C16DE1300000578-441_634x361.jpg" width="634" /><div class="overlay-icon mobile-gallery">
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A detailed view of UCLA's Interface Message 
Processor (IMP) is seen in a storage closet, where it had been stored 
for over 20 years, at 3420 Boelter Hall in UCLA</div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'How
 many revolutions can you think about where you can see—within a few 
feet!—where it began? This machine is where the internet breathed to 
life, spoke its first words,' Leonard Kleinrock, the computer scientist 
for whom the Kleinrock Center for Internet Studies is named, told Gizmodo.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">However, Kleinrock admits the machines were almost lost.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">There are currently only two IMPs still in existence. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">UCLA's IMP was replaced by new technology in 1982 and moved to a staff break room. </span><br />
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<img alt="The tiny mention of the project in the University paper was the only mention of it at the time" class="blkBorder img-share" height="353" id="i-a7be0e58" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/03/06/article-2575070-1C16E61300000578-315_634x353.jpg" width="634" /><div class="overlay-icon mobile-gallery">
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The tiny mention of the project in the University paper was the only mention of it at the time</div>
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<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">He also managed to save a SDS Sigma 7 computer, the refrigerator-sized machine that was used to host that first message.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The
 restored room was first opened in 2011, after being converted to a 
computer lab for current students, and was restored by the original team
 - who even matched the paint for photographs.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'We didn't know what we were doing,' says Kleinrock. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">'We didn't even take a photo.' </span><br />
<span style="font-size: 1.2em;">The only mention of the world-changing experiment was a small item in the school paper.</span><br />
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<img alt="UCLA's Interface Message Processor (IMP) is pictured in the birthplace of the Internet, at 3420 Boelter Hall, the original location of the first ARPANET node at UCLA in Los Angeles." class="blkBorder img-share" height="423" id="i-5e980d4a" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/03/06/article-0-1C16DE3B00000578-987_634x423.jpg" width="634" /><div class="overlay-icon mobile-gallery">
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UCLA's Interface Message Processor (IMP) is 
pictured in the birthplace of the Internet, at 3420 Boelter Hall, the 
original location of the first ARPANET node at UCLA in Los Angeles.</div>
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<img alt="Professor Leonard Kleinrock, Distinguished Professor of Computer Science at UCLA is shown next to UCLA's Interface Message Processor (IMP)" class="blkBorder img-share" height="428" id="i-5c9b0d34" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/03/06/article-0-1C16DE5200000578-254_634x428.jpg" width="634" /><div class="overlay-icon mobile-gallery">
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Professor Leonard Kleinrock, Distinguished 
Professor of Computer Science at UCLA is shown next to UCLA's Interface 
Message Processor (IMP)</div>
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A plaque placed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is pictured at the birthplace of the Internet</div>
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<img alt="A visitor compares modern-day 3420 Boelter Hall, the birthplace of the Internet, with an archival photograph during the grand opening of the Kleinrock Internet Heritage Site at UCLA in Los Angeles, California October 29, 2011. The first message to pass over the ARPANET was sent from 3420 Boelter Hall on October 29, 1969 led by UCLA professor Leonard Kleinrock and his team. The ARPANET evolved into the Internet we use today. REUTERS/Fred Prouser (UNITED STATES - Tags: BUSINESS TELECOMS SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY) - RTR2TEKP" class="blkBorder img-share" height="399" id="i-5e530d4c" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/03/06/article-0-1C16DE1E00000578-364_634x399.jpg" width="634" /><div class="overlay-icon mobile-gallery">
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A visitor compares modern-day 3420 Boelter Hall,
 the birthplace of the Internet, with an archival photograph during the 
grand opening of the Kleinrock Internet Heritage Site at UCLA in Los 
Angeles, California October 29, 2011. The first message to pass over the
 ARPANET was sent from 3420 Boelter Hall on October 29, 1969 led by UCLA
 professor Leonard Kleinrock and his team. The ARPANET evolved into the 
Internet we use today. REUTERS/Fred Prouser (UNITED STATES - Tags: 
BUSINESS TELECOMS SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY) - RTR2TEKP</div>
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<img alt="A visitor attends the grand opening of the Kleinrock Internet Heritage Site and Archive in 3420 Boelter Hall, the birthplace of the Internet at UCLA in Los Angeles, California October 29, 2011. The first message to pass over the ARPANET was sent from 3420 Boelter Hall on October 29, 1969 led by UCLA professor Leonard Kleinrock and his team. The recreated lab features a replica of the Sigma 7 computer (L), a teletype (C) similar to one used to communicate with the SIGMA 7 computer, which was connected to UCLA's Interface Message Processor (R). The ARPANET evolved into the Internet we use today." class="blkBorder img-share" height="423" id="i-5df60d40" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/03/06/article-0-1C16DE2A00000578-592_634x423.jpg" width="634" /><div class="overlay-icon mobile-gallery">
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A visitor attends the grand opening of the 
Kleinrock Internet Heritage Site and Archive in 3420 Boelter Hall, the 
birthplace of the Internet at UCLA in Los Angeles, California October 
29, 2011. The first message to pass over the ARPANET was sent from 3420 
Boelter Hall on October 29, 1969 led by UCLA professor Leonard Kleinrock
 and his team. The recreated lab features a replica of the Sigma 7 
computer (L), a teletype (C) similar to one used to communicate with the
 SIGMA 7 computer, which was connected to UCLA's Interface Message 
Processor (R). The ARPANET evolved into the Internet we use today.</div>
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<img alt="This is the power distribution unit on the Interface Message Processor, taken at the grand re-opening of the original Boelter 3420 lab at UCLA, the birthplace of the Internet" class="blkBorder img-share" height="424" id="i-5c410d2a" src="http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/03/06/article-0-1C16DE3500000578-310_634x424.jpg" width="634" /><div class="overlay-icon mobile-gallery">
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This is the power distribution unit on the 
Interface Message Processor, taken at the grand re-opening of the 
original Boelter 3420 lab at UCLA, the birthplace of the Internet</div>
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The room where the internet was born

From the outside, room 3420 at UCLA's Boelter Hall campus looks rather nondescript - housing what looks like a large typrwriter and...

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<img alt="" height="370" src="http://img.dunyanews.tv/news/2014/March/03-02-14/news_big_images/213966_80313600.jpg" width="600" /><strong style="color: #2558ad;"> </strong><br />
<strong style="color: #2558ad;">More airlines are rolling out new and improved services thanks to satellite technology. </strong><br />
            <br />
SINGAPORE (AFP) - Wifi in aircraft, hobbled in the 
past by slow speeds, could soon take off as new technology enables 
passengers to surf the web as if they were in a coffee shop, Internet 
executives say.<br />

More airlines are rolling out new and improved services thanks to 
satellite technology, industry leaders said at the recent Singapore 
Airshow, with the public increasingly demanding wifi on planes.<br />

US-based Honeywell Aerospace and Gogo, which supply inflight 
connectivity systems to airlines, are collaborating with satellite giant
 Inmarsat to implement the "first global high-speed broadband for the 
skies" dubbed the Global Xpress (GX) Aviation network.<br />

Briand Greer, president of Honeywell Aerospace Asia Pacific, said 
inflight wifi could generate $2.8 billion for the company alone over the
 next 20 years.<br />

He estimates that around seven to eight percent of airlines currently
 offer wireless connection, but says this number is expected to grow to 
25 percent by 2018.<br />

After years of being bogged down by weak demand due to poor signal 
quality, inflight wifi can now enable download speeds of up to 50 
megabits per second, Greer said.<br />

"How we describe it is it will be like you are sitting at Starbucks 
with your smartphone, your computer and your iPad," Greer told 
reporters.<br />

Onboard wifi is not a new idea -- European carrier Lufthansa debuted Conexxion by Boeing's system in 2004.<br />

But by 2006 the company announced its exit after the expected growth in the market did not materialise.<br />

Recent surveys by Airbus and Honeywell, however, suggest that the 
market might now be ready as passengers increasingly expect airlines to 
have inflight wireless services.<br />

Airbus published a report in February about the comfort demands of 
Asian passengers, carried out by global consultancy Future Laboratory.<br />

One of the future trends highlighted was that Asian business 
passengers would expect wifi enabled cabins with telephone and 
conference calling facilities.<br />

Honeywell also conducted a survey of 3,000 passengers from the United
 States, Britain and Singapore and nearly 90 percent would give up an 
amenity, such as drinks or a better seat, for a faster and more 
consistent wireless connection.<br />

When flying over land, planes use telecommunication towers to 
transmit Internet signals but during long-haul flights, when they fly 
over large expanses of water, consistent connectivity becomes a problem.<br />

In those cases, a satellite network is needed.<br />

In December last year, Inmarsat launched the first of three 
satellites that will serve the GX network. Air China will be the first 
airline to test it, on its A330 fleet in the second quarter of 2015.<br />

Singapore Airlines, which launched its $50 million inflight 
connectivity programme in September 2012, said it planned to finish 
equipping its aircraft with the hardware by 2015.<br />

A Lufthansa spokesman said that it would also begin rolling out inflight wifi on all of its planes in the middle of this year.<br />

Even no-frills airlines are catching on.<br />

Thai budget airline Nok Air announced during the Singapore Airshow that it will equip its new Boeing 737 fleet with wifi.<br />

Peter Andersson, general manager of aviation navigation company 
Jeppesen, also said that the technology could benefit cockpit and 
airport operation.<br />

"If you have something that you need to repair, you can get the 
status check to the ground level so they can be prepared so they can 
actually do the maintenance quicker," Andersson told AFP.<br />

"You can reduce the turnaround and maintenance (of airplanes) dramatically."<br />

Sashangar Sreetharan, an analyst at McKinsey and Co. who flies twice a
 week, said that only airlines with wifi were considered "preferred 
carriers" for his firm.<br />

But he admitted that although he often worked during flights, the wireless service quality so far has been sub-par.<br />

"The speed is quite slow and every now and then you lose signal, but 
it isn't too bad. However, once you are on a Virtual Private Network 
(VPN), the speed is so slow that gateway timeouts occur," Sreetharan 
told AFP.<br />

Sreetharan said he was not sure everyone would necessarily want wifi on planes.<br />

"Honestly, if the wifi was better I'd rather have it. I mean that is 
because my bosses are reasonable and don't push me while I'm flying," 
Sreetharan told AFP.<br />

"But if they started harassing me on flights, I guess I would swap to
 not having it, I don't want to be emailing back and forth during a long
 flight."</div>

Wifi in the sky looks set for takeoff

More airlines are rolling out new and improved services thanks to satellite technology. SINGAPORE (AFP) - Wifi in aircraft...